Evolution of the variability of surface temperature and vegetation density in the great plains     

Michael H. Cosh  Jery R. Stedinger  Steve C. Ou  Kuo-Nan Liou  Wilfried Brutsaert 《Advances in water resources》2007

This study focuses on how the variability of land surface temperature and vegetation density at the SGP ARM-CART site changes over episodic (day to day) and seasonal time scales using AVHRR satellite data. Four drying periods throughout the year are analyzed. Land surface temperature had an erratic relationship with time exhibiting no deterministic pattern from day-to-day or season-to-season. Furthermore, it did not exhibit spatial pattern persistence. On the other hand, vegetation density had a consistent spatial pattern and temporal decay during average length drying periods (less than 7 days) as well as within a season. However, there were distinct differences in the seasonal pattern of variation between winter and growing seasons. In addition, the paper highlights a methodology to quantify the relationships that exist at the land surface between the primary parameter of interest and the controlling variables.  相似文献   

Equivalent force control method for generalized real‐time substructure testing with implicit integration     

Bin Wu  Qianying Wang  P. Benson Shing  Jinping Ou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(9):1127-1149

This paper presents a new method, called the equivalent force control method, for solving the nonlinear equations of motion in a real‐time substructure test using an implicit time integration algorithm. The method replaces the numerical iteration in implicit integration with a force‐feedback control loop, while displacement control is retained to control the motion of an actuator. The method is formulated in such a way that it represents a unified approach that also encompasses the effective force test method. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method have been demonstrated with numerical simulations of real‐time substructure tests with physical substructures represented by spring and damper elements, respectively. The method has also been validated with actual tests in which a Magnetorheological damper was used as the physical substructure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用航摄像对制作全息地形立体图的新技术     

欧名付  马轩文  王荣  蒋继旺 《测绘学院学报》1996,(1)

全息地形立体图是将传统的光学机械立体投影术与全息术相结合，用航摄像对合成为一张具有一定焦深的近像面全息图。它既具有像面全息图衍射效率高，可以用扩展的白光光源再现的优点，也具有体全息图一定的波长和角度选择性。本文介绍了拍摄这种立体图的装置和方法，并从理论上对实验结果进行了一些分析，最后指出了它的应用前景。  相似文献   

龙门山断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布及带中残余能量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

安欧  高国宝 《地震地质》1996,18(1):25-29

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础，用Ｘ射线法，在龙门山断裂带测区，选取３个小区深钻孔系列的岩心，测量了岩体中宏观残余应力场的水平和铅直三维主分量、水平和铅直最大剪应力，及其应变能密度随深度的分布，分析了它们沿深度的分布规律，估算了该断裂带岩体中储存的宏观残余弹性应变能的量级  相似文献   

环境制图中数量特征的表示方法研究     

欧竹斌 《地理科学》1996,(1)

对环境制图中反映数量特征的定点符号法,包括几种连续和分级比率符号、非比率分级符号以及相关内容数量特征的表示进行了具体分析比较.对表示要素数量特征面状分布的网格法和等值线法,也结合实例进行了评述.  相似文献   

鲜水河断裂带古构造残余应力场对大地震的控制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

安欧  高国宝 《地震地质》1993,15(2):139-147

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线法,在鲜水河断裂带测区沿7条测线,测量了岩体三维残余应力,绘成区域残余应力等值线图、主应力线图及其应变能密度等值线图,探讨了其对带内大地震的控制作用  相似文献   

大地测量学家 周江文教授     

张赤军  欧吉坤 《测绘工程》1999,(2)

周江文教授是我国著名的大地测量学家和误差理论专家,八十有三的周老精神瞿铄,思维敏捷,充满着对我国大地测量事业和年轻同志成长的关心.他对我国大地测量的贡献更为学术界所赞赏.正如大地测量和固体地球物理学家许厚泽院士所评价:"周江文教授是我国大地测量和测量误差理论研究领域中最有造诣的一位优秀科学家.60多年来,他为大地测量学的发展作出了巨大贡献.他自1958年到中科院测地所工作,为我所科技事业发展和人才培养呕心沥血,作了很多贡献".他以严肃的态度治学育人,60年如一日,为我国大地测量学术界树立了一座丰碑.  相似文献   

Cases-97: Late-Morning Warming And Moistening Of The Convective Boundary Layer Over The Walnut River Watershed     

Margaret A. LeMone  Robert L. Grossman  Robert T. Mcmillen  Kuo-Nan Liou  S.C. Ou  Stuart Mckeen  Wayne Angevine  Kyoko Ikeda  Fei Chen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,104(1):1-52

Aircraft, radiosonde, surface-flux, and boundary-layer windprofiler data from the Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study's 1997 field project, CASES-97, are combined with synoptic data to study the evolution of the vertically-averaged mixed-layerpotential temperature []and mixing-ratio [Q] onthree nearly-cloudless days from 1000 CST to 1200CST (local noon is approximately 1230 CST). This was achieved through examination of the terms in the time-tendency (`budget')equations for []and [Q]. We estimate three of the terms –local time rate of change, vertical flux divergence, andhorizontal advection. For the [Q]-budget, vertical flux divergence usually dominates, buthorizontal advection is significant on one of the three days. The [Q]-budget balances for two of the three days to within the large experimental error. For the -budget,vertical flux divergence accounts for most of the morningwarming, with horizontal advection of secondary importance.The residual in the -budget has the same sign for all three days, indicating that not all the heating is accounted for. We can balance the []-budgets to within experimental error on two of the three days by correcting the vertical-flux divergence for apparent low biases in the flux measurements of one of the aircraft and in the surface fluxes, and accounting for direct heating of the mixed layer by radiative flux divergence allowing for the effects of carbonaceous aerosols. The [];-budget with these corrections also balances on the third day if horizontal gradients from synoptic maps are used to estimate the horizontal advection. However, the corrected budget for this day does not balance if the horizontal gradient in the advection term is estimated using CASES-97aircraft and radiosondes; we suggest that persistent mesoscale circulations led to an overestimate of the horizontal gradient andhence horizontal advection.  相似文献   

基于能力谱法的SSI体系抗震pushover分析方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王凤霞  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(5):88-94

本文首先经过2次等效将土与结构相互作用的多自由度体系等效为单自由度体系,并给出了修正反应谱和等价能力谱的确定方法,进而提出了基于能力谱法考虑土与结构动力相互作用(SSI)效应的结构体系pushover分析方法(SSIPA);然后对3种不同高度考虑SSI效应的结构体系在5条地震动作用下采用本文提出的方法进行了算例分析,将结果与非线性时程分析的结果进行了比较,研究了本方法的适用性和准确性;最后,与建筑抗震设计规范的设计反应谱相结合,对9层考虑SSI效应的钢结构用本文提出的方法进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,根据我国抗震设计规范的规定进行抗震性能的评估验证了本方法的可行性。  相似文献   

基于规则格网数据断面极值法的一种改进方法     

刘梅余  鲍峰  欧建良 《现代测绘》2007,30(3):11-12

在研究基于规则格网数据地形特征提取过程中,主要有断面极值法和流水模拟法.在断面极值法中,针对传统断面极值法生成的特征线存在零碎、并行交叉等缺点,我们改进了传统的局部断面极值法,在特征线连接过程中增加了“将特征点邻域内其它候选特征点设置为已被引用、根据特征线长度与范围阈值筛选特征线“等条件,以克服生成的特征线存在的零碎和并行交叉问题.  相似文献